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The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2016 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS To
Abundant-data applications, algorithms, and architectures research avenues such as data mining (quickly finding relatively simple patterns in massive amounts of loosely structured data, evaluating and labeling data, etc), machine learning (building mathematical models that represent structure and statistical trends in data, with good predictive properties), hardware architectures to process more data than is possible today.
Artificial intelligence and robotics – broadly, figuring out how to formalize human capabilities, which currently appear beyond the reach of computers and robots, then make computers and robots more efficient at it.
Bio-informatics including systems biology (modeling interactions of multiple systems in a living organism, including immune systems and cancer development), computational biophysics(modeling and understanding mechanical, electrical, and molecular-level interactions inside an organism), computational neurobiology(understanding how organisms process incoming information and react to it, control their bodies, store information, and think). DNA analysis and genetics have also become computer-based in the last 20 years. Biomedical engineering is another major area of growth, where microprocessor-based systems can monitor vital signs, and even administer life-saving medications without waiting for a doctor.
Computer-assisted education, especially at the high-school level. Even for CS, few high schools offer competent curriculum, even in developed countries. Cheat-proof automated support for exams and testing, essay grading, generation of multiple-choice questions.
Databases, data centers, information retrieval, and natural-language processing: collecting and storing massive collections of data and making them easily available (indexing, search), helping computers understand (structure in) human-generated documents and artifacts of all kinds (speech, video, text, motion, biometrics) and helping people search for the information they need when they need it.
Human-computer interaction covers human-computer interface design and focused techniques that allow computers to understand people (detect emotions, intent, level of skill), as well as the design of human-facing software (social networks) and hardware (talking smart-phones and self-driving cars).
Large-scale networking: high-performance hardware for data centers, mobile networking, support for more efficient multicast, multimedia, and high-level user-facing services, networking services for developing countries (without permanent high-bandwidth connections), Outer-space communication networks.
The vortex tube is a non-conventional refrigeration system is a simple, small &lightweight mechanical device that separates a gas into hot and cold streams. It has no moving parts. It has many advantages over conventional cooling system. It is an intriguing device that separates an incoming high-pressure fluid stream into a two low-pressure streams. Work Interaction during expansion process causes a temperature decrease in one of the two exit streams i.e. in cold side, while the other one experiences a temperature increases i.e. hot side. The compressed air is injected tangentially into a chamber with high degree of swirl. On the other hand because of the valve only the outer periphery part is allowed to escape, where as the inner part is forced into the inner vortex with a small diameter within the outer vortex. In this work we made vortex tube made of UPVC material to study the effect of length and diameter on the performance of the refrigeration system, how different parameters are change with the inlet pressure and at different openings of control valve is also investigated. The results are drawn for the vortex tube with better performance. The material used for the construction of the vortex tube is PVC.
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